CAUSATIVE VERBS
Have
Have a common causative verb. Instead
of doing something with ourselves, we "tell" the other person to do
so. The shape is as follows:
The verb "to have" + object + past
participle (verb 3). Example:
- I've had my jacket cleaned yesterday.
- Did you have your computer fixed?
Sometimes we use have as a causative verb when we want to take action by
ourselves. Example:
- When will the report be ready? I'll do it by
tomorrow morning. >>
- When will the report be ready? I'll have it
done by tomorrow morning.
By using the causative, the second sentence above
divert attention from the perpetrator, and pay more attention to the actions
that are being carried out. It sounds polite and professional.
Get
Get is often used instead of have. Example:
·
I got my computer fixed - I've had my computer fixed. Both of these
words mean the same thing.
·
I got my jacket cleaned. - I've had my jacket cleaned. Both of
these words mean the same thing.
Causative verbs are often used in
conjunction with negative experiences. In these situations have a more general use. Example:
·
I had my wallet stolen. (I actually do not cause my wallet was stolen
- someone stole my wallet from me)
·
She had her window smashed.
Let
Let be used to allow someone
to do something. The form is let + person + verb. Example:
·
John let me drive his new car.
·
Will your parents let you go to the party?
·
I do not know if my boss will let me take the day off.
Make
Make is used to force someone
to do something. The form is the make + person + verb. Example:
·
My teacher made me apologize for what I had said.
·
Did somebody make you wear that ugly hat?
·
She made her children do their homework.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Dalam percakapan sehari-hari:
Sebagai Subject Pronoun, who lebih umum
digunakan daripada that.
Sebagai Subject
Pronoun, that lebih umum digunakan daripada which.
The Man is my grandfather.
He speaks English every day.
The man who speaks English
every day is my grand father.
Who disebut sebagai Subject
Pronoun (seperti
penggunaan: I, he, she, etc), dan pada contoh
kalimat tabel di atas:
Who merupakan subject dari verb = speaks serta memperkenalkan Adjective Clause yang menerangkan subject = The man.
The Woman is my sister.
You kissed her last night.
The woman whom you kissed last night is my sister.
Whom disebut sebagai Object
Pronoun (seperti
penggunaan: me, his, her, etc), dan pada contoh
kalimat di atas:
Whom merupakan object dari verb = kissed serta memperkenalkan Adjective Clause yang menerangkan subject = The woman.
The movie was very good.
We saw it last night.
The movie which we saw last night was very good.
(which digunakan karena mewakili the
movie = it = kata benda)
Pada contoh kalimat
di atas:
Which merupakan object dari verb = saw serta memperkenalkan Adjective
Clause yang menerangkan subject = The movie.
His
bicycle was stolen.
I know the man whose
bicycle was stolen.
Whose digunakan untuk
menunjukkan kepemilikan. Whose juga mempunyai arti yang sama seperti
layaknya penggunaan my, our, their, etc.
His bicycle = whose
bicycle
The car has been stolen by
my own brother.
I bought it 3 years ago.
The car that I bought 3 years ago has been stolen by my own brother.
Pada contoh kalimat
di atas:
That merupakan object dari verb = bought serta memperkenalkan Adjective
Clause yang menerangkan subject = The car.
I thanked woman.
She helped me.
I thanked the woman that
helped me
Pada contoh kalimat di atas:
That merupakan subject dari verb= helped serta memperkenalkan Adjective
Clause yang menerangkan subject = The woman.
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